Food Quality Essay Example for Free

Food Quality Essay * Relates to excellent product or services that fulfills or exceeds our expectations Food Quality * Includes all attributes that influence product’s value to the consumers. This includes, Negative attributes (e. g. spoilage, contamination with filth, discoloration, off odors flavors; Positive attributes (e. g. origin, color, flavor, texture and processing method used. -Food Quality is a term which may refer to several things: ¦ the extent to which food contains the nutrients that match the kind and quantity of the nutritional needs of the person consuming the food  ¦ the extent to which the food is attractive in appearance taste  ¦ the extent to which food is free from pathogenic bacteria undesirable materials such as insecticides antibiotic residues, etc FOOD QUALITY 1. Composite of characteristics/ attributes which differs from one unit to another 2. Totality of features/ characteristics of a product that bear on its ability to satisfy a given need: Needs: Safety Usability Availability Economics. Maintainability Environment Reliability 3. Uniformity, consistency and conformity to a given standard or specifications 4. A statement of what the user wants what the manufacturer can provide 5. â€Å"Fitness for use†, â€Å"satisfaction level of costumers† Other Ways of Describing Quality 1. Fast selling brand of a food product might be labeled as â€Å"Extra Special Quality† 2. Products that are sold abroad may be termed as â€Å"Export Quality† 3. Some consumers may gauge quality in terms of brand popularity 4. From the large producer’s point of view, quality may mean product reliability. Small manufacturers – reliability may not be a concern, their concern is more on sell of the products. 5. In a seller’s market situation, product availability means quality Quality of Food is Based on the following: 1. Raw material – the quality of finished product is dependent on the quality of raw material 2. Sensory quality – food quality detectable by our senses can be categorized into 3: appearance texture flavor 3. Microbiological quality raw material and products should be free from toxin-producing microorganism QUALITY CONTROL Is Doing Things Right. THE FIRST TIME AND EVERYTIME Quality Control can also be defined as a. maintenance of specified finished product characteristics every time it is manufactured b. efficient control of raw material and of production process c. object of quality control is to produce a quality which: satisfies the consumers; as cheap as possible; can be delivered in time to meet delivery requirement d. is the function or collection of duties which must be performed throughout an organization in order to achieve its quality objectives Stages of Quality Control 1. Set the specifications. a. Exactly what the customer or market expects b. Price at which product can be sold c. Delivery date d. Capability of equipment/ machines e. Capability of available inspection and test equipment 2. Prepare to manufacture a. Decide how to process the product b. Decide what equipment to use c. Specify the quality of raw materials and possible suppliers d. The in-line personnel e. Plan inspection and in-process quality control 3. Actual Processing/ Manufacture 4. Correction of quality defects 5. Provide long-term quality control planning Defects in Foods Defect. perceptible deviation from product specs that makes product less fit, or unfit for consumption the lack of something essential or required; or an imperfection can occur singly or as a composite of several deviations Sources: 1. Raw material – biological system that deteriorates over time. 2. Personnel – staff’s commitment to their work and their ability to perform their task well. 3. In-process problems quality loss due to poor understanding of processing methods and use of inadequate machines due to lack of staff training Evidences of Defects Prevention Program: 1. Quality raw materials 2. Reduction of processing losses 3. Drop in the volume of rejects What is HACCP? * Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points * Prevention-based food safety system * A systematic approach to the identification, assessment of risk, and severity and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards associated with a particular food production process or practice (US FDA CFSAN, 2000) Two Important Terms * HAZARDS * CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS HAZARDS * Any biological, chemical, or physical property that may cause an unacceptable consumer health risk. * 3 major hazards. * Biological * Chemical * Physical -Biological Hazards * These organisms are commonly associated with humans and with raw products entering the food manufacturing facility. * Bacteria, foodborne viruses, parasites * Examples: * Salmonella, Listeria, Staphylococcus * Hepatitis A and Norwalk Viruses * Trichinella -Chemical Hazards * Chemical contaminants may be naturally occurring or may be added during the processing of the food. * Naturally Occurring Chemicals * Toxins from molds (aflatoxin) * Allergenic Proteins * Added Chemicals * Agricultural chemicals * Industrial chemicals. * Ingredients: Flavors enhancers, colors, preservatives -Physical Hazards * Foreign and extraneous materials * Foreign Materials * Anything that does not naturally occur in the food material * Hair, fingers (fingernails), plastic, metal filings, jewelry, gum etc. * Extraneous Materials * Anything that naturally occurs in the food but should not be there * Pits, seeds, peel, stems Critical Control Points * CCP’s * Process steps in specific food systems in which loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk 7 Principles of HACCP: 1. Identify hazards in the system 2. Determine critical control points 3. Establish critical limits 4. Establish monitoring procedures 5. Establish corrective actions 6. Establish verification procedure 7. Establish record keeping and documentation procedures Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) set of sanitary guidelines and control for compliance to assure safety and wholesomeness of foods. Concerns: 1. Personnel 2. Plant and grounds 3. Sanitary operation 4. Sanitary facilities and control 5. Equipment and utensils 6. Process and control Cleaning and Sanitization Cleaning – an operation that will remove at least 90% of the soil or dirt. Sanitization – application of sanitizers Sanitation – over-all cleanliness of the surroundings or anything that surrounds the food Steps: a. remove the debris b. pre-rinse c. application of cleaning aids d. post rinse e. sanitizing rinse FOOD SPOILAGE / DETERIORATION Food Spoilage/Deterioration -Includes losses in organoleptic desirability, nutritional value, safety and aesthetic appeal of the food -Food is subject to physical, chemical and biological deterioration, which go hand in hand Causal Factors: -Temperature (heat and cold) * Oxygen * Moisture * Light radiation * Time. * Natural food enzymes * Micro- and macro- organisms * Industrial contaminants * Some foods in the presence of other foods In general, deterioration is slowed down when the food is low in moisture, high in salt/sugar or acid Shelf-life and Dating of Foods Shelf-life is the time it takes a product to decline to an acceptable level time a product remains saleable MAQ minimum acceptable quality for the product must be defined by the manufacturers or retailers Actual length of shelf-life is dependent on a number of factors : 1. processing methods 2. packaging. 3. storage conditions Dating provides consumers some indication of the shelf-life or freshness of the products they buy Type of code dates include: * date of manufacture (â€Å"pack date†) * date the product was displayed (â€Å"display date†) * date by which the product should be sold (â€Å"sell by date†) * last date of maximal quality (â€Å"best used date†) * date beyond which the product is no longer acceptable (â€Å"use by date† or â€Å"expiration date†) Major Causes of Food Deterioration -often the following factors do not operate in isolation -as such, effective preservation must eliminate or minimize all of these factors in a given food to prevent/minimize deterioration 1. Growth activities and activities of microorganisms Bacteria, yeasts, molds Microbial growth curve * Conditions necessary for microorganisms to grow: * Source * Food residue * Moisture * Time * Temperature * Invasion of microorganisms is due to contamination which can be avoided by sanitary practices and proper processing procedures and packaging * Not all microorganisms can cause disease or food spoilage, others are useful for food processing * Food borne diseases special kind of deterioration that may or may not alter a food’s organoleptic properties 2. Infestation by insects, parasites and rodents. * Insects destroy 5-10% annual grain crops (US), in other countries (50%) * Parasites Examples of Parasites: * Trichinella spirallis, enters hogs eating uncooked food wastes; nematodes, penetrates hog intestines and find way into the pork Entamoeba histolytica, parasite associated to raw human excrement and can infect crops when raw human excrement is used as fertilizer -can cause amoebic dysentery * Rodents can consume large quantities of foods and they can contaminate food by filth they carry can spread diseases like: Salmonellosis Leptospirosis Typhoid fever Plague 3. Activities of food enzymes and other chemical reactions within food itself * food enzymes are natural in healthy, uninfected foods * activity is intensified right after harvest * activity is sometimes desirable * can be inactivated by heat, chemicals and irradiation, etc. 4. Inappropriate temperatures (heat and cold) for a given food * heat and cold – can cause deterioration if not controlled; 10-38 °C (normal working temperature) * excessive heat: denatures protein, breaks emulsion, dries out food by evaporation and destroys vitamins * uncontrolled cold: FAV are frozen – discoloration, changes in texture. can break emulsion such as in milk denatures milk protein chill injury 5. Either the gain or loss of moisture Aw and Moisture Content (needed by microorganisms for growth and by different chemical reactions) 6. Reaction with oxygen * can cause chemical oxidation of nutrients, colors, flavors * required for growth of some microorganisms * can be excluded by vacuum packaging, addition of oxygen scavengers 7. Light * can destroy some vitamins (riboflavin, A and C); deteriorates many food colors * in milk – can cause â€Å"sunlight flavors† (induced fat oxidation and changes in CHON) * Can be minimized by opaque packaging 8. Time * quality decreases with time * object is to maintain and capture freshness of foods * to prolong shelf life – adequate processing, packaging and storage Spoilage of Different Kinds of Foods 1. Bread Mold: results in discoloration of the bread Ropiness: soft and sticky to touch, caused by sporeforming bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis 2. Honey * high sugar(70-80%) and acidic (pH= 3. 2-4. 2) * chief cause of spoilage : Zygosaccharomyces mellis 3. Candy * not subject to microbial spoilage (high sugar and low MC) * except chocolate with soft centers (burst and may explode), cause by Clostridium spp. 4. Fruits and Vegetables * spoilage due to physical factors, action of their enzymes, microbial action or combination of these agents * microbial spoilage may be due to plant pathogen and/or saprophytic microorganisms * general type of spoilage: * bacterial soft rot (Erwinia caratova) * gray mold rot (Botrytis cinerea) * rhizopus rot (Rhizopus nigricans) * anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) * blue mold rot (Penicillium) * black mold rot (Aspergillus niger) 5. Fruit Juices * acidic (pH 2. 4-4. 7), all contain sugars (2-17%) * molds. * alcohol fermentation 6. Sauerkraut * inferior quality due to abnormal fermentation: high temp; low temp; too long fermentation * surface spoilage (destroy the acidity, permit other microorganisms to grow, softening, darkening and bad flavors) 7. Fresh Eggs * Defects: cracks, leaks, dirty spots on the exterior (will favor spoilage on storage) * Changes caused by microorganisms during storage: * green rot (Pseudomonas fluorescens) giving green color of the egg white * colorless rot (various microorganisms): yolk is affected 8. Meat and Meat Products. * raw meat: enzyme, microorganisms, oxidation of fats * beef: moderate amount of autolysis is desired to tenderize it, excessive autolysis (souring) * general principles: * Factors influencing invasion of tissues by microorganisms: * load in the gut of the animal * physiological condition of the animal before slaughter * method of killing and bleeding Factors affecting the growth of microorganisms in meat * kind and amount of microorganisms * physical properties of meat (exposed area, grinding) * chemical properties of the meat (MC, protein, CHO, pH). * availability of oxygen * temperature General types of spoilage in meat * aerobic condition: * surface slime (Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Micrococcus) * surface discoloration (Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus/Flavobacterium) * oxidation of fats * stickiness (molds) * whiskers (Thamnidium elegans, Mucor mucedo) * anaerobic condition: * putrefaction, souring Cured meats: addition of nitrates inhibit growth of microorganisms, spoilage same with fresh if stored improperly 9. Fish and Other Seafoods. * spoiled by autolysis, oxidation or bacterial activity * factors influencing spoilage: * kind of fish: flat fish vs. round fish, fatty fish deteriorates faster * condition of fish when caught: exhausted spoil rapidly * kind and extent of contamination of the fish flesh with bacteria * temperature * use of an antibiotic ice or dip evidences of spoilage: * brightness fades and dirty, yellow discoloration appears * slime on the fish increases * eyes gradually sink * gills: light pink to grayish yellow * softening of the flesh. * development of off-colors 10. Poultry * chief source of spoilage: bacteria * bacterial growth takes place on the surface and any cut surfaces and the decomposition products diffuse slowly into the meat * off-odor is noted when the bacterial count is at 2. 5 x 106 cfu/cm2 * Psuedomonas and Achromobacter * Micrococcus, Flavobacterium and Achromobacter * Surface of skin becomes slime, acid/sour odor 11. Milk Chief type of spoilage : * Souring or acid formation * Gas production * Proteolysis * Ropiness * Surface or throughout the milk.

Manifestation Of Sartres Conception Of Engaged Literature English Literature Essay

Manifestation Of Sartres Conception Of Engaged Literature English Literature Essay What is literature is an essay of Jean-Paul Sartre published for the first time in several parts in 1947, in his magazine les temps modernes. The essay is a manifestation of Sartres conception of engaged literature which he defends against its critics. In the essay, Sartre answers three questions: What is writing? Why write? For whom does one write? The first question that Sartre asks is ,What is writing? which is a pure inquiry into finding a clear definition of the act of writing. Sartre will first explain that writing is neither painting nor playing music. In fact, unlike the painter or the musician, who actually care only to present things as they are and give the spectators the absolute freedom to see what they want, the writer can guide his reader. Therefore, he does not present the things as being merely things but as signs. So, when Sartre makes this clear-cut distinction between literature and other forms of art, he can subsequently make another differentiation but within the realm of literature itself, between prose and verse. The latter distinction is very essential in Sartres reflection. I can sum up his distinction by this simple formula: prose uses words whereas verse or poetry serves words. Poetry considers words as a material, just as the painter considers colors or the musician the sounds. Additionally, the prose writer uses a different approach: For him, words are not objects but design objects. He is considered a speaker, and to speak means to act (to do something). In fact, while speaking, we are unveiling facts and while doing so we change them. With his distinction between prose and poetry, Sartre answers the fundamental question of the first chapter. Thus, according to him, to write is to reveal and to do so means to ensure that nobody ignores about the world which is exactly the same situation as with law which everyone should know as they become accountable for their acts. After having elaborated on the definition of writing, Sartre tackles its form. He insists that the style can be added to the essence and must never precede it. It is, he adds, the circumstances and the subject which the writer intends to treat that will push him to seek new means of expression, a new language, and not the other way around. Next, Sartre takes us back to the idea of engagement with which he has begun his book explaining that we cannot ask a painter or a musician to engage himself. Sartre concludes that the writer has to engage himself entirely in his works. One should write when he wants and when he chooses to do so. However, if we write when we decide to, we should now ask ourselves why we write. That is going to be the topic that will be discussed in the next chapter entitled: Why write? For Sartre, literature is a means of communication. Knowing that, we should then find out why one writes. The author begins the chapter by stating the origins of literature, one of the chief motives of artistic creation is certainly the need of feeling that we are essential to the world [1]. To explain this, lets ponder on this example: A man contemplates a landscape. By doing this, he unveils/reveals this scenery and establishes a relationship that would not exist if he were not there. In the meanwhile Man is profoundly conscious of the fact that he is not essential to the uncovered scenery. In fact, he only perceives it without taking part in the process of its creation. Man can also create, but then he will lose his revealing/unveiling function as the produced object reflects rules that he himself created and so will be subjective, for example a writer cannot read his writings from an external angle. The situation here is contrary to the scenerys one in that the creator becomes essential because without him, the object would have no existence, but he is unessential. He has assuredly gained the creation which was not when he was contemplating the landscape, but he has lost the perception. So far, the key to the problem is at the reading stage. A reading which will make a synthesis between the perception and the creation, because any literary work will not shine completely until read, It is the conjoint effort of author and reader which brings upon the scene that concrete and imaginary object which is the work of the mind. There is no art except for and by others [2]. In reading, the object is essential because it imposes its proper structures just like in the landscapes example I mentioned earlier, and the subject is also essential since it is required not only to reveal the object but to guarantee its existence, too. Furthermore, Sartre specifies that the literary object is not conveyed in the language but through it. That is why any literary work deserves to be read in order to make it complete, revealed and ultimately created. Hence the activity of the reader is linked to creation, which makes us reach a unique instance: The object is given as it is to its creator which makes him enjoy what he creates. After explaining the essence and meaning of writing and reading which are interrelated and complete each other, Sartre will proceed with the third question which is about the special relationship existing between the author and his reader. The former is in need of the latter to complete what he started. In fact, for Sartre, every literary work is an appeal and particularly an appeal for freedom of the reader so that the latter would be able to contribute to the making of the literary work. So there will be no work without readers. Here, it is noticeable that Sartres existentialist tendency is dominant as he places the word freedom at the core of the relationship between the author and the reader. What is more, there is an implicit agreement between the two to recognize the freedom of the other, and so the reader presupposes that the writer has realized his writing freely as any human being, otherwise the written work would be uninteresting and purely determinist. Parallelly, the auth or recognizes the freedom of his reader as it is a basic requirement for the completion of his work. For this reason, reading is defined as an act of practicing generosity: Each one devotes himself to the other in thorough freedom and being as much demanding as possible both vis-à  -vis the author or towards oneself. To sum up this process, I can say that the author has recovered the world by giving it to be seen as it is, but as if it had its source in human freedom [3] and not in the mere chance of things. As to the reader, he recovers and interiorizes this external world [or non ego, Sartres term] by transforming it into a compulsory task, The world is my task [4]. In fact, it is this process of interiorization which will cause the reader to feel what Sartre calls an esthetic joy, and it is only when this joy takes place that the work can be considered complete. So each one is a winner and is thus rewarded. But is that all? Of course not! Sartre thinks that this disclosure-creation process should also be an imaginary engagement in the action [5]. Afterwards, he moves on to criticize realism which pretends doing only contemplation, a word which contradicts action because when the author names something [Sartre takes injustice as an example], he creates it as well and invites his reader to do th e same, which makes the two sides responsible for it in the real world. After evoking responsibility, J.P Sartre goes back to his central idea, that of freedom, the writer, a free man addressing free men, has only one subject freedom [6]. This sounds a good answer to the question of the chapter: Why write? According to Sartre, writing is undoubtedly and profoundly linked to freedom; consequently one should take his chance fully by writing about critical areas like politics and democracy. To write is a way for seeking freedom; if one starts this process of writing either willingly or unwillingly, he is definitely engaged. Again Sartre launches the term engaged, so now the question would be to know the public for whom one writes so as to define where and how to engage. That is what Sartre is going to answer is his next chapter entitled, For whom does one write? In this chapter, the author will tackle the fundamental relationship between the writer and his public but this time from a historical perspective. Sartre proposes an answer to the chapters question. As a matter of fact, one writes for the universal reader, and the exigency of the writer is addressed to all men. [7] However, Sartre restrains this assertion by explaining that the writer has always had this ambition to be somehow immortal through overstepping the historic moment he lives into a high level, but Sartre insists that the writer should communicate with his contemporary fellow writers and also with those sharing the same culture with him. So to say, there is a certain degree of complicity and some shared values between them which makes of the latter communication, a very specific one. It is indeed a historic contact both because it is a part of history and also since it is engraved in it. Therefore, the writer has a role to play: a mediator; not only is he a Man, but a write r as well; a position that he chose. Again, Sartre uses his existentialist key-term: freedom, which is at the origin of this choice, but once this choice made, the society will invest on the author by putting barriers and frontiers in front of him by their demands and exigencies. This point brings us to question the importance of the relationship between the writer and his public. To illustrate this point Sartre introduces the example of the African American writer Richard Wright; a writer that had as an aspiration to defend the rights of the oppressed black Americans. There are mainly two points to stress on: the first is that Wright was addressing the cultivated Negroeshis compatriots, but at the same time he was addressing all men. Thus, by putting his name in history, the writer will achieve this much desired infinite leap. The second point is that his public was torn apart, Negroes on one side and whites on the other, which gives words a double meaning, one for the Negroes and one for the whites. From the aforementioned example, Sartre will develop his reflection upon the relationship between the writer and his public. As I have already explained, the writer reveals the society which makes the latter faced with an imperative choice: to assume itself or to change. That is why it is said that the writer has a parasitic function: he seeks to meet those who make him live by attracting their attention to situations they would rather not want to see. This conflict, which is at the very base of the position of the writer, can be explained as follows: on the one hand, we have the conservative forces or the real public of the writer but on the other hand, we have the progressivists or the virtual public. Sartre will subsequently present a brief history of the relations between the two forces: the real and the virtual. He starts from the Middle Ages, an era in which only the clerks knew to read and write and these two activities were considered as techniques just as those of any crafts man. What is more, the public was very restricted to clerks since they write for each other and the goal was not to change things but to maintain the order as it is. Next, Sartre moves to the 17th century which brought up the secularization of the writer [8] but this secularization did not mean a universalization since the public was very restricted, too. Additionally, the public was very active since everybody was reading because they knew to do so, but they were judging following precise values. People at that time had a dominant religious ideology guarded by the clerks, and which was soon doubled by a political ideology which had also its watchdogs. Nonetheless, there was a third category, one composed of writers who accept both these religious and the political facts because they are part of the context without being completely useful to them. They do not naturally question their mission; the latter is already traced contrary to todays writer. They are classical, that is to say they p rogress in a stable world where the quest is not to discover but to construct what is already known. The society or rather the elite demand that the writer reflects not what the society is but what the society thinks it is; art should be moralizing. Again, Sartre asserts that we can detect a liberating power within a given work since the latter has an effect, which is to free the human being from his passions. Sartre will afterwards tackle the 18th century turning of history in which the writer will refuse ideologies of the ruling classes, and then he will talk about the 19th centurys status of literature which is characterized by the ideology of destruction which will end up by the advent of surrealism. So literature is at a hard stage of alienation in which it is merely a means or a tool and not an aim in itself. Sartre sums up the present situation of the writer in three points: First, he is disgusted of the sign as he prefers disorder to composition and thus poetry to prose. Second, he considers literature a sample expression like all other expressions existing in life and thus he is not ready to sacrifice his life for literature. Third, the writer is going through a crisis of moral conscience because he can no longer define his role. So, Sartre proposes for the writer to act in order to survive and ultimately to create a state of equilibrium. Finally, Sartre draws the portrait of an i deal society without classes and in which the virtual public is in a rich relationship with the real public. This way the writer could speak to all his contemporaries so as to express their joys and angers. Literature would contain the whole human condition and would be anthropologist. It would be a pure utopia which would enable literature to be fulfilled in all its purity. This utopia can be very useful as an example, but it has its limits since it does not actually represent what was happening in Sartres time. To conclude his book, Sartre will be more concrete as he states the situation of the writer in his time (that is in 1947) and suggests some pieces of advice to his contemporary writers. Sartres contribution to literary theory is very important and what makes it so meaningful is the fact that Sartre is both a critic and a writer. His ideas about literature are very influenced by his existentialist-Marxist view of the world. Generally speaking, existentialism tries to make meaning in a chaotic and irrational world and Sartre argues that it is Man who makes himself, and as a major representative of existentialism, Sartre seeks to analyze literary works while emphasizing on the struggle to define meaning and identity in the face of alienation and isolation. Thus, in his book, Sartre sees literature as the product of the relation between the author and the society he lives in. As far as form is concerned, he prefers prose to verse and considers that the aim of prose is humanist or the sublime human existence and this idea goes hand in hand with his famous motto Existentialism is humanism. Also, for him, language is the strongest tool of communication and literature is the culminating stage of this communication. This view leads Sartre to embrace the idea of engagement of literature since literature is essentially a social product though written by individuals. Here, I personally feel attracted by this idea of commitment since a writer or an artist in general has a vital responsibility over his society, and even though sometimes readers may read works with no didactic or moral intention, it is undeniable that art is extremely purposeful. The evidence that shows that art has an influence on society is that it presents new values not only h elping to develop society, but shaping its behavior as well, for example we can draw many lessons from a plays characters that do not stop at purifying us but influences us by its content and result [Aid 1988] [9]. Moreover, I share this idea of Sartre raised mainly against the 19th century movement of art for arts sake and which views that the intrinsic value of art, and the only true art, is divorced from any didactic, moral or utilitarian function [10] and also against the bourgeois writer, who was more devoted to his craft than to his audience. Furthermore, considering the existentialist idea of Man in the world and since the writer is a Man, his real existence is a literary identity for him. That is to say, a writer defines himself by engaging willingly and consciously in intentional action. I think that Sartre is like Terry Eagleton [1983] in seeking a definition of literature. However, the latter does not consider literature as being merely imaginative, but as using language specifically, that is to say, as Jakobson believes: literature is a type of writing which exerts an organized violence on the ordinary discourse and condenses the ordinary language as the composition, sounds and rhythm of the words overtakes its lexical meaning. Thus, the language of literature aims at attracting attention to it. In addition, for the Russian Formalists, cited by Terry Eagleton in his introduction to literary theory [1983]: the literary work is neither a vessel for transporting ideas nor a reflection of the social reality but a physical truth since it is compounded of words and not subjects or emotions, Literary language is a set of deviations from a norm à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a special kind of language, in contrast to the ordinary language we commonly use. [Eagleton 1983] [11] Here, it would be useful to notice that the formalists overlook to analyze the literary content and focus only on analyzing the form, and instead of considering the form as an expression of the content, they see it as a mere motive for it, and even though some formalists never deny the existing relationship between literature and society, they refute the idea that this relationship might be of some interest to the critic. Besides, If Sartre focuses on two main principles: engagement and freedom, Eagleton stresses on one major principle which is that literature by nature is a non-pragmatic discourse contrary to Sartres convictions, that is to say that literature is a language that indicates itself only. This view of Eagleton resembles the views of the Russian formalists about literature. As to the idea of alienation, Eagleton thinks that there is no writing which cannot be read as being alienated since readers can use their ability of interpretation, because ambiguity and confusion are present even in most logical discourses, so every text is open to interpretation. I can add to Eagletons contribution that life is full of instances of confusion, for example in cinema; most films plots are based upon the ambiguities and confusions linked to everyday language. This idea is also advanced by Wolfgang Iser (1978) ,in which he says that readers are free to interpret a text the way they want but they have to construct it in such a way that renders it internally consistent. An open work must become coherent, and the vagueness must be normalized. [12] To conclude, I would say that Sartres book was a manifestation of engaged literature in which he defines firmly the characters of the contemporary literature. However, his lucid reflections have raised many critiques from different scholars in different periods of time, but it still remains a good reference for anyone who seeks to answer questions related to the nature and function of literature. I should say that I share most of Sartres ideas especially those related to the nature and role of art and the relationship between the author and his reader. Literature has always had a function throughout history from Plato to our recent days either morally, educationally or socially, and any writer, anywhere, should know his responsibility over humanity and thus write purposefully. However, one can write for reasons which are not necessarily didactic, such as for delight and amusement of the reader. In any case, I think that a writer should combine both meaningful and amusing approaches i n his literary work, therefore literature can teach and delight [Sidney 1595] [13]

Document Object Model Process

Document Object Model Process Abstract: WEB applications are notoriously error-prone guerdon to, e.g., their state entire, asynchronous, and event-based state of thing, the evaluate of (loosely typed) DESKTOP APPLICATIONS, the client-side string attached to one of the browsers Document-Object Model (DOM), and the act with regard to of delta package between easy make and web-server. Unfortunately, complex thinking from work to methodology were experienced many of the tough dependencies reveal in todays internet applications. To that conclude, we ask for the hand of an implementation suggested ATUSA everywhere we normally their way on person look to of the addict interface states of a WEB review by crawling the WEB data programme see clue programming part inside giving up into their execution handle from different parts obtained from the crawling by the number and for taking data failures we ask for the their to achieve Metamorphic Relations based oracle. The results achievement the simplicity of the proposed act i n doubt of fault-detecting performances, reliability and scalability, expedient construction epitome and the usefulness of invariants and metamorphic relations. Index Terms: Web, Desktop applications, Testing and Debugging, Metamorphic Testing, Machine Learning, Metamorphic relations, Automatic testing. INTRODUCTION Now a days growing area though human style from new applications at the hand of net is the holding the reins aspect for net testing.†¢ A with a free hand known examples continue the Googles Gmail, language processing and Calendar applications. For this finding JSP and serve technologies are used. Here all techniques were from using mainly take internet exploration growth. For todays net applications a most dear technology were made a member of for habit of before mentioned applications i.e. WEB is the acronym for the Asynchronous JAVASRCIPT and XML. Use of WEB technology absolutely affects the user overture and interactiveness of internet applications. Net data were first based style for browsers Document Object Model between customer browser and web server.†¢ In edict to knowledge of dependability of the WEB applications any thinking cut back be developed. This knowledge is based their life model. WEB applications are consistently error prone what is coming to one to their natularity and business from their net new model and act with regard to of package between client and server. For this application development ahead under their net data. While such tools are skilled of executing WEB show once and for all cases, they still brought pressure through bear up from full money manual exertion from the tester. Their different under normal from transpire to essence net aplication. Existing current plant cant be back for forceful web testing. Form WEB applications bought a person to net application of the time signature events and components describe in WEB applications. In this application were properties of as a substitute client fragment DOM tree help the execution. Figure 1: Example for DOM tree construction. As shown in the above diagram, the device is of the DOM object. Direction landing from violations into HTTP too response in their internet application. Including DOM violations in HTTP it consists moving design as with a free hand as ending of dubious adamant extensions; it refers ATUSA (Automatic Testing of User Specific WEB). We have planning as a conclusion on net data. Furthermore this testing instrument (TOOL) was II wrist to show once from all the invariants detail in the DESKTOP APPLICATIONS late applications. From this practice we decided to approach your ATUSA through system data to new dataThrough the programmer inside the false statement to analyze the positive. Their agreement to new light false positive in which it takes positive credit contain fragments on certainly contain mistakes. In this charity to cloud achieve metamorphic testing. Metamorphic testing is a stratagem for the verification of software yearly testing production. The program is verified over metamorphic relations (MR).Here rare from hit unusable fault. Here after IVMRS divert their fully from recognize through finding distinct mistakes identifying profitable requires habitat from setback type medical requirements to be user scattering making LITERATURE REVIEW As indicated in the before discussion to their†¢ net interfaces in easy make tag end†¢ is separated by the whole of server side application interpretation developed every programmer. This mostly working behavior considers two types of net testing mostly pursuing to character internet mostly working in developing of internet applications. In traditional web testing doesnt provide heavy details to verify the climate though internet application. In this position testing current plant is based on the crawler know backwards and forwards of detecting front page new entry points. Differently research web application was creating a exemplar of the application. Logging of the user session laid it on the line data on the server side. .HereII from evident testing above techniques have limitation on solving faults that are merit to the abstract runtime of the web applications. Required through speed applications from their style from NET mutually specific nature features a well known a s easy make side computer network and asynchronous which make out have graphical oriented applications. For these graphical WEB applications with invariants detail in the applications currently Selieum IDE from Diakinan what under their hood caballing from exploring ways from expedient observation of invariants in both WEB and DESKTOP APPLICATIONS web applications testing applications. Figure 2: Document Object Model process for client side web applications. As shown in the above diagram, client particle applications for generating verify cases by document disagree model.†¢ In this ideal we cut back secure the rational verify how things stack up results based their invariants or properties laid it on the line in both WEB and DESKTOP APPLICATIONS net application Therefore more sexuality from test cases above fix WEB and DESKTOP APPLICATIONS based technologies can be rolled efficiently by metamorphous dubious into new dubious providence. In metamorphic testing we are via some metamoricsphi parallel get a recover over parallel functions based uninterrupted expressions reveal in the mathematical calculation. Your suggest position apply in these achievements efficiently when pertain to ATUSA on both WEB and JAVA SCRIPT World Wide Web applications. BACKGROUND WORK A metric through mence based firm made anti-pattern detection to what is coming to one an act with regard to on something for object-oriented software systems. Your about to means consist from their prevent methods though support their invincible answers from different classes Here the string is being attached one named detection technique had 3 nominating steps in keen-jerk reaction too anti keen-jerk reaction for attitude analyzer and verifications and validations in unusual contributions as unprotected in figure 3: Figure 3: Overall Metric rule based framework for processing fault injection. Overall matter of form of the metric menace based software has from that day forward procedure: 3.1.Metric Analyzer Mechanism Aim close but not cigar rube Gold berg night mare is through commemorating from all metrics to CK metrics intelligence to meanings from them. Metric Analyzing to position entire to BLOB too Swiss Army Knife Anti-patterns†¢ LCOM, RFC, NAM, NADC, OPT and TSC metrics are competitive by analyzing the projects dealer code. Ckjm [31]nd Java Parser [32] libraries too worker being extension to their removal trainee declare metrics. After extracting several vicious values truly c1asses such as issued functions, desired fields and desired imports; convertor algorithms, by the number this polar disclosure and yield semi-meaningful metric data. 3.2.Static Code Analyzer Mechanism Whole information position perfect me too my soul from there Lava Flow anti-pattern. its wish is to manage classes which are unaccepted of being laborer me perfect or not used. Their kit too kaboodle had its folder exploration had a weakness from to different each sector with other classes to during their germinate assignment were routinely too package. Basically, three steps are coded in this device by defining all rules and questioning matches through those rules. These steps are: 1.Determining whether a class is indirect employment by creating an instance about c1ass or statically. 2.Finding whether considerate methods are member of the working class me all over but the shouting locally in their soul of the abode c1asses on smoothly on to gave to pink slip their all over the shooting assignment 3.Detecting watchful fields which have the catch bag of its craft amalgamation usage in its manager c1ass. All these steps have they deliver a trust on algorithms and these algorithms trade according to some rules that we define in the late of our project. Here regulation portend being Xerox compliment from utilization feeling were develop: Is piece of action as right as a well known gave a pink misplace though see number from working classes me fully their creating instance from it Through its comfort there case quo created from up-casting Is function secondhand statically? What such is in to locally hand me down in its owner c1ass? Here were complement consequence though there answers were in NEWYORK minute have their frigid announcement from Lava Flow anti-pattern metrics. Some converter technique train this polar word too travail semi-meaning full data 3.3. Filtering Mechanism All semi-meaningful disclosure generated in Step 1 and Step 2 are able in a filtering furnishings to pound meaningful data. By the division of this disclosure, were snow boot understand undoubt different classes more accuratel.Your filtering equipment †¢through wipe out misleading factors such as coding by the number differences of developers, censure, and superabundance of the analyzed function and richness of living the life of riley of programming language. All these factors may forsake interpreters of silent results. Some anti-patterns boot be abandoned in detection. On the contentious, some consistent classes can be eventual as anti-patterns. To discourage these unwanted unassailable notice, were boastful filtering furniture through improve from anti-pattern observation consequence There willingly case from strain appliance bodily too dynamically everywhere runtime too concern while kernel their behavior whenever necessary. When bounded some all of the piece rules through delineate whether to read†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ through fire being required. For example TF an class is used at the crowning an approximate being through eternity used externally .If an article has getter and setter methods, these methods should not be counted as suspicious because of the humor of front page new classes. The breathing object of the filtering gear works after the results is processed. This operation as is the custom depends on statistics science. Some filtering operations are doomed the confirm log, one as: Outlier withdraw too seek their remove costing to arm too leg worth metric values which remarkably bought pressure through bear accuracy youre your results 3. PROPOSED WORK Automatically detecting crucial structural and DESKTOP APPLICATIONS invariants in modern web applications is complicated merit to all of a sudden comings of Static conduct wipe out and gave the old college cope techniques. Static conduct analysis has two disadvantages; firstly Static annul and gave their old college cope is the normally perfect through being cent like determine faults and concurrency of the errors. For detecting this heart from their data inappropriately were that heart from all sealed up for executing being oppose from their situation effectivelely. Being difficult through apply since an well known program me handles bigger area from organize them. Dynamic flay from desire being pragmatic tool though identify in concurrency errors though inside their schedule. Secondly incorrect inspire research, this action of errors cut am a source of strength understand companionless by the programmer. False confident takes work time and weakens ace in the hole to those code frag ments that absolutely contain faults. Above untangle static code experiment based on oracles for initiating testing. We propose to admit of comparison with ATUSA in metamorphic testing. Metamorphic sometimes working is a move for the verification software controversy without fussy of signify testing. Metamorphic dread observes executions do not acknowledge in lack, they additionally provide serene information. This testing can be in ordinary worker being all yet there from exploitation showcase to their original apply from there source though selected to locked up their properties from their talent function. Such functions are voiced as metamorphic relations. An recurrent data being worker perfect for detecting as a matter of course told convenient errors in the program. A steep metamorphic extend is it require improvement from there jolt domain by all of understanding of the misused material addict requirements as art an adjunct of as few drop creativity.†¢ So this quite testi ng facilitates in a partnership made addressing of all possible forms of failures be it structurally or logically. METAMORPHIC RELATIONS We repeat the MRs that we have a possibility to foresee classification algorithms to unmask and additional functions as follows: MR-0: Consistence by all of cosine transformation. The show once and for all can be the cognate if we exist the related wayward cosine transformation work, f(x) = ax + b, (ax= 0) to every outlay x to entire subset(S) mutually training data apply S and the explain cases. Figure 4: Algorithm for working of metamorphic relations. MR-1.1: Permutation of the prescribed component from action labels. Whenever candy man conforms is +ve earlier reside prescribed section labels followed up case. MR-1.2: Permutation from back forty aspects. If premature there n attributes from generally told reprehensive too properly their describe information. It describes the uninformative by the whole of their properties. Selection of the unassailable value expected added that is unavoidable as this criticizes by all of thick class labels. MR-2.2: Addition of interpretive attributes. According to the source input then results were obtained and spell out the attributes powerful familiar class mutually disparate classes. Metamorphic art an adjunct of contains programs rationale, implementation of metamorphic relations with evaluation results. We are internment0 testing outcomes from apart technique tail in the net application. Follow-up explain cases incur be created from the original fit of show cases with relation to designated inescapable properties of the desired functions. Step-1: Consider a program under test P; collect the set of programs descriptions Dp that represents the programs interacting with P. Step-2: Design a metamorphic relations MRi applicable to test P. Step-3: Implement MRi in the metamorphic set MS of the P. Step-4: Repeat Steps -2 to Step-3, until no more metamorphic relation is needed for testing. Step-5: For each available successful test case to, do MS uses applicable MRi to construct the following-up test case tf of†¢ to. MS invokes P to execute tf. †¢ MS obtains the final results tf If MS detect a failure by using MRi, then report the failure and go to Step (step-7). Repeat Steps-5(i) to step-5(iv), until no more applicable MRi. Step-6:†¢ Report that no failure is found. Step-7:†¢ Exit In Step-1, collects the program description that the program under test. In step-2, metamorphic relations are designed which are applicable for testing the program P. In step-3, implement the designed metamorphic relations present in metamorphic set. The above two steps i.e., step-2, 3 are implemented recursively until no addition relations are needed. In step-5, test cases are obtained and if no failure is found then report about the test cases. If failure found then exit, and re-apply the metamorphic relations. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS In this string attached to something we explain the results of mostly working results fix in the before discussion. Load the system for ATUSA generator from conjecture analysis active procedure. Invariants are the properties and events reveal in the program. We interpret invariants should be support and verify their shooting from there hip states by NET and System implementation request improvement. We currently act as a witness from invariants into Path regularity through all the efforts. Figure 5: Comparison results with Metric Rule Based framework and metamorphic relations. Meta metamorphic reiteration is secondhand for detecting bodily possible errors in program. Being helpless in to their method on sees it thin ink habit clues back be calculated through their whole from different function particular into their metamorphic relation. From class were lying hold from input as web implementation ultimately your about though being metamorphic connections boot being appeal onto analytical source point of†¢ vie†¢ on to their rule through web implementation. Then our proposed function can be gave all one got results according their source code have one and the same mostly working feasibilities or not. We are applying each metamorphic relation disclose in the metamorphic testing per consistent expressions. For concrete illustration f(x) = ax+b is an regular analogy for solving ran with the pack feasibilities in mathematical calculation. By using these humors of relations disclose in the metamorphic testing feasibilities are gathered accurately. 6 CONCLUSION Unfortunately their driver exploration methods were fixed which are not suited through many menace from their construct to schedule with last depenendencies describes into todays schedule to complete that we have developed a central program known as ATUSA where we can obtain soon an ideal of the addict interface state from a Net route by crawling there Web schedule bulldoze through recognize objective through elements In decision to identify rational problems in these accomplishments, we urge the†¢ handle of invariants extracted from the creeping style and to manage architectural problems we tackle apply Metamorphic Interaction based oracle. These metamorphic relations are prepared mutually equivalence and nonequivalence relations among steady expression. REFERENCES [1] Mehmed Taha Aras, Asst. Prof. Dr. Yunus Emre Selfuk, Metric and Rufe Based Automated Detection 0/ Antipatterns in Object-Oriented Software Systems, 2016 7th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), 978-1-4673-8914-3/16/$31.00  ©20161EEE. [2] M. Abbes, F. Khomh, Y.-G. Gueheneuc, and G. Antoniol, An empirical study of the impact of two antipatterns, bl ob and spaghetti code, on program comprehension, 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, CSMR 2011, 1-4 March 2011, Oldenburg, Germany. IEEE Computer Society, 2011, pp. 181-190. [3] F. Khomh, M. Di Penta, Y.-G. Gueheneuc, and G. Antoniol, An exploratory study of the impact of anti patterns on class change- and fault-proneness, Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 243-275,2012. [4] F. Khomh, M. Di Penta, and Y.-G. Gueheneuc, An exploratory study of the impact of code smells on software change-proneness, 16th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, WCRE 2009, 13-16 October 2009, Lilie, France. IEEE Computer Society, 2009, pp. 75-84. [5] N. Moha, Y.-G. Gueheneuc, 1. Duchien, and A-F. 1. Meur, Decor: A method for the specification and detection of code and design smells, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 36, no. I, pp. 20-36, 2010. [6] J. Din, A B. AL-Badareen, and Y. Y. Jusoh, Antipattern detection approaches in object-oriented design: a literature review, Computing and Convergence Technology (ICCCT), 2012 71h International Conference, 2012, pp. 926-931. [7] F. A Fontana, S. Maggioni, and C. Raibulet, Understanding the relevance of micro-structures for design patterns detection, Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2334-2347, 2011. [8] H. Kaur, P. J. Kaur, A study on detection of anti-patterns in object oriented systems, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887), Volume. 93, No. 5, May 2014. [9] A Maiga, et al., SMURF: a SVM based incremental anti-pattern detection approach, Proc. 19,h Working Conf. on Reverse. [10] 1. K. Jhans, V.K. Priya, Improved analysis of re factoring in forked project to remove the bugs present in the system, Internation Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.5, Issue. 2, February 2016. [11] K. A M. Ferreira, M. A S. Bigonha, R. S. Bigonha, 1. F. O. Mendes, H. C. Almeida, Idetifying thresholds for object-oriented software metrics, The Journal ofSystems and Software, vol. 85, pp. 244-257, 2012. [12] F. Palomba, G. Bavota, R. Oliveto, A de Lucia, Antipattern detection: Methods, Challenges, and Open Issues, Advances in Computes, pp. 201-238,2015. [13] R. Oliveto, F. Khomh, G. Antoniol and Y. Gueheneuc, Numerical signatures of antipatterns: An approach based on b-splines, 141h European Conference on Software Maintenenance and Rengineering (CSMR), IEEE, 2010, pp. 248-251. [14] M. Kessentini, H. Sahraoui, M. Boukadoum, and M. Wimmer, Search based design defects detection by example, ser. Lecture N otes in Computer Science, Berling 1 Heidelberg: Springer, 2011, vol. 6603, pp. 401-415. [15] F. Khomh, S. Vaucher, Y. Guhneuc, and H. Sahraoui, Bdtext: A gqmbased bayesian approach for the detection of antipatterns, Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 559-572, 2011. [16] D. Spinellis, Tool writing: A forgotten art?, IEEE Software, 22(4):9- 11, July/August 2005. [17] A Rao, K. N. Reddy, Detecting bad smells in object oriented design using design change propagation probability matrix, Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, 2008. [18] K. Dhambri, H. Sahraoui, P. Poulin, Visual detection of design anomalies, Proceedings of the 12,h European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 279-283, 2008. [19] M. 1. Munro, Product metrics for automatic identification of bad smell design problems in Java source-code, Proceedings of the 11 1h International Software Metrics Symposium, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 15, 2005.

John Sayles Movie, Matewan :: Films Movies Essays

John Sayles' Movie, Matewan Writer and Director John Sayles movie Matewan, portrays the town of Matewan, West Virginia during their historic struggle out of feudalism in the 1920's. Because a single large company owned everything in Matewan, it was nearly impossible to rise out of the feudal relationship, especially since preaching the ideals of capitalism could easily result in losing all of one's property and material possessions. While feudalism can easily be written off as a economic and social structure of the past, this notion is easily proven false in Matewan; the people of Mingo County had no choice but to follow the orders of The Stone Mountain Coal Company. Hence, when the ideals of capitalism were introduced to the Matewan people by Joe Kinnehan they were stunned and shocked by what he was suggesting. Of course, The Stone Mountain Coal Company were more than shocked, they were outraged and adamant about not letting the workers of Matewan be part of any union. What do the feudal and capitalist economic systems represent? The Webster dictionary defines capitalism as, "an economic system characterized by open competition in a free market and by private or coperate ownership of the means of production and distribution." In Matewan, the idea of capitalism was first introduced by communist and union man himself, Joe Kinnehan. He urged the coal miners to realize the choices they could make and not to let a coal company make the decisions for them. He explained that this would entail all joining together and standing as one while demanding higher wages and better worker conditions. Not until the citizens of Matewan comprehend the feudal system they are living under, can they hope to change. The story of Matewan West Virginia portrays the struggle that an entire town underwent before they could release themselves from the grip of The Stone Mountain Coal Company. The coal miners of Matewan were bound in a feudal relationship and had no choice but to stay in it because The Stone Mountain Coal Company owned the entire town. Without continuing to work for the coal company, the residents of Matewan were sure to starve.

Breakwater Essay -- Marine Infrastructures

Conventional breakwaters are massive in size and generally associated with large scales in construction materials, effort and cost. The development of large breakwater schemes with poor design and management may trigger a number of adverse effects on neighbouring coastal environment, e.g. large amount of wave reflection, alteration of beach morphology, water quality deterioration and change of marine ecosystem. To alleviate the above problems, various ingenious designs of light-weight breakwaters have been proposed, tested and constructed in the past as alternatives to the conventional breakwaters, one of which is the free surface breakwaters. Free surface breakwaters are essentially barriers located near the water surface where the energy flux is maximal. The total height of such barriers is usually far smaller than the water depth which helps water circulation around the structures. These barriers can be constructed on a group of piles driven into sea floor, or held floating as floating breakwaters. Wave reflection and dissipation are the primary energy damping mechanisms inherited by these barriers. Free surface breakwaters are most suitable to be built at semi-protected sites where the soil condition is poor. The present investigation is motivated by the construction of bottom-mounted semicircular breakwaters in Miyazaki Port (Japan), Tianjin Port (China) and Yangtze River Estuary (China) for sea defence. Extensive studies on such breakwaters were undertaken by several researchers from Japan, China and India, e.g. Tanimoto et al. (1989), Sasajima et al. (1994), Xie (1999), Dhinakaran et al. (2002), Yuan and Tao (2003) and Zhang et al. (2005). Although a number of studies have been reported in the literature associated with... ...hat comprise a large number of discrete constituents for energy dissipation. Examples of such breakwaters are multiple-layer breakwater (Wang et al., 2006) and porous-pile breakwater (Hsiao et al., 2008). These structures are usually highly porous to water flow, resulting in relatively small wave reflection and the horizontal wave forces on the structures. One of the major concerns in the design of marine infrastructures is the navigation safety adjacent to the breakwaters. In many cases, it is important to keep the amount of wave reflection in front of the breakwater to the minimal. The majority of the abovementioned breakwaters mainly serve as wave reflectors. It is hoped that the free surface semicircular breakwater considered for the present research would yield better performance characteristics by producing low reflection and desirable wave attenuation.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 9

If I Backslide Knowing that if I wear the wrong thing, Veronica will say I have ruined her night – the way she did that one time when I wore Bermuda shorts and sandals to a dress-up dinner – I can't stop thinking about what I am going to wear to her dinner party, so much that I don't even remember it's Friday, and therefore, time to see Dr. Patel, until Mom calls down in the middle of my workout, saying, â€Å"We're leaving in fifteen minutes. Hit the shower!† In the cloud room, I pick the brown chair. We recline, and Cliff says, â€Å"Your mother tells me you've had quite a week. Want to talk about it?† So I tell him about Veronica's dress-up party and how my old dress clothes don't fit because I have lost so much weight, and I have no swanky clothes other than the shirt my brother has recently given me, and I am pretty stressed out about going to a dinner party and wish I could just spend some time alone with Ronnie lifting weights, so that I would not have to see Veronica, who even Nikki says is a mean person. Dr. Patel nods a few times like he does, and then says, â€Å"Do you like the new shirt your brother gave you? Do you feel comfortable wearing it?† I tell him I absolutely love my new shirt. â€Å"So wear that one to the dress-up dinner, and I'm sure Veronica will like it too.† â€Å"Are you sure?† I ask. â€Å"Because Veronica is really particular about what you should wear to dinner parties.† â€Å"I'm sure,† he says, which makes me feel a whole lot better. â€Å"What about pants?† â€Å"What's wrong with the pants you have on now?† I look down at the tan khakis my mom purchased for me at the Gap the other day because she says I shouldn't wear sweatpants to my doctor's appointments, and even though the pants are not as swanky as my new Eagles jersey, they do look okay, so I shrug and stop worrying about what to wear to Veronica's dinner party. Cliff tries to get me to talk about Kenny G, but I only close my eyes, hum a single note, and silently count to ten every time he says Mr. G's name. Then Cliff says he knows that I have been rough with my mother, shaking her in the kitchen and knocking her down in the attic, which makes me really sad because I love my mom so much and she rescued me from the bad place and has even signed all those legal documents – and yet I cannot rightly deny what Cliff has said. My chest heats up with guilt until I can't take it. Truth be told, I break down and cry – sobbing – for at least five minutes. â€Å"Your mother is risking a lot, because she believes in you.† His words make me cry even harder. â€Å"You want to be a good person, don't you, Pat?† I nod. I cry. I do want to be a good person. I really do. â€Å"I'm going to up your meds,† Dr. Patel tells me. â€Å"You might feel a little sluggish, but it should help to curb your violent outbursts. You need to know it's your actions that will make you a good person, not desire. And if you have any more episodes, I might have to recommend that you go back to the neural health facility for more intensive treatments, which – â€Å" â€Å"No. Please. I'll be good,† I say quickly, knowing that Nikki is less likely to return if I backslide into the bad place. â€Å"Trust me.† â€Å"I do,† Dr. Patel replies with a smile.

Captain My Captain by Walt Whitman Essay

This poem filled my mind with great memories snd make think of my loved ones who are now Angels. I am still feeling the connection. In my opinion, I can say that peopleare physically dead be we can keep them in our mind alive as long as we want them to be part of our lives. Father and I had different character. We had the same interest such as reading, watching news, assisting on conference-debates. We had the same taste but we were hardly shared our opinion. This was because of me, I was very shy when I was a teenager. That makes our relationship† very special† and I miss it deeply. We did many things together that help us to become good friend such as driving. When I was 19 year old, my captain taught to drive and new situations always make me bit nervous, and my first drive was no exception. Things were not quite easy for me, but my captain was very patient. This driving session brought us very close to each other because I could not avoid him like I used to do before. I had at least 6 hours a week for my driving lesson. My late father there for me every time I needed him. When I started the University, he was driving me to school like a little girl who starts a kindergarden. I was not the only child in the house but I was so special. Life then was stress free because everything has been taking care of me. My only sadness is that my son will never meet his grandfather spending time together, playing around, but I know even from Heaven he is watching over us. He is now my angel and he is very proud of me because I am following his paths.