Frost :: essays research papers

Robert Frost: Biography and Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robert Lee Frost, b. San Francisco, Mar. 26, 1874 d. Boston, Jan. 29, 1963, was one of the leading poets of the 20th-century and a four time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Frost was a poet often associated with rural New England, although his poems could be felt and related to in any region of the world. Thought his younger days may have not been filled with other children having fun and such, Frost made the best of what he enjoyed. At the young age of only eleven Frost’s father passed away. Soon after his death the family left California to settle in Massachusetts. As young Frost grew-up he attended high school in that state, later would enter Dartmouth College, but would remain there less that one semester. Later he returned to Massachusetts where he would be a school teacher along with two other jobs he held as a mill worker and a newspaper reporter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then in 1895 Frost married Elinor White whom he had been co-valedictorians with in high school. Then between 1897 and 1899 Frost felt the need to go back to college he attended Harvard as a special student only to leave without a degree. Over the next ten years he would write more poetry. Frost would live on and operate a farm in Derry, New Hampshire that his grandfather had purchase for him with the condition he live there for a minimum of ten years. He would also take a teaching position at Derry’s Pinkerton Academy to receive another form of income. Frost would not stay there long, as he felt the need to once again move.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1912, when Frost was nearly forty he sold the farm and used the proceeds to take his family to England, where he could devote himself entirely to writing. Frost would establish himself quickly and would reap the awards of immediate success. In 1894 at the age of twenty Frost sold and published his first poem “My Butterfly:An Elegy'; to The Independent, a New York literary journal. This was his first step in the long line of success that he would encounter. Only a year after Frost arrived in England his book “A Boy’s Will'; was accepted and published. With the help of favorable reviews on both sided of the Atlantic a American publisher published his book. The Henry Holt and Company became Frosts primary American Publisher. Frost :: essays research papers Robert Frost: Biography and Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robert Lee Frost, b. San Francisco, Mar. 26, 1874 d. Boston, Jan. 29, 1963, was one of the leading poets of the 20th-century and a four time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Frost was a poet often associated with rural New England, although his poems could be felt and related to in any region of the world. Thought his younger days may have not been filled with other children having fun and such, Frost made the best of what he enjoyed. At the young age of only eleven Frost’s father passed away. Soon after his death the family left California to settle in Massachusetts. As young Frost grew-up he attended high school in that state, later would enter Dartmouth College, but would remain there less that one semester. Later he returned to Massachusetts where he would be a school teacher along with two other jobs he held as a mill worker and a newspaper reporter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then in 1895 Frost married Elinor White whom he had been co-valedictorians with in high school. Then between 1897 and 1899 Frost felt the need to go back to college he attended Harvard as a special student only to leave without a degree. Over the next ten years he would write more poetry. Frost would live on and operate a farm in Derry, New Hampshire that his grandfather had purchase for him with the condition he live there for a minimum of ten years. He would also take a teaching position at Derry’s Pinkerton Academy to receive another form of income. Frost would not stay there long, as he felt the need to once again move.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1912, when Frost was nearly forty he sold the farm and used the proceeds to take his family to England, where he could devote himself entirely to writing. Frost would establish himself quickly and would reap the awards of immediate success. In 1894 at the age of twenty Frost sold and published his first poem “My Butterfly:An Elegy'; to The Independent, a New York literary journal. This was his first step in the long line of success that he would encounter. Only a year after Frost arrived in England his book “A Boy’s Will'; was accepted and published. With the help of favorable reviews on both sided of the Atlantic a American publisher published his book. The Henry Holt and Company became Frosts primary American Publisher.

Six Sigma for Pizza

Hong Kong Baptist University Professional Diploma in Quality Management Six Sigma and Quality Tools Group Assignment Report of Six Sigma Project For Yum Yum Pizza Group Group Members: CHIU Chi Cheong, Ricky CHOI Kam Tong, Danny CHUNG King, Carmen FONG Luk Chi, Brian LEE Lai Fun, Fanny Wong Ming Chung, Victor DQM03I2-004 DQM03I3-004 DQM03I3-021 DQM03I3-008 DQM03I3-022 DQM03I3-018 Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 1 of 23 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Define Phase 3. Measure Phase 4. Analysis Phase 5. Improve Phase 6. Control Phase 7. Conclusion Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 2 of 23 Introduction Yum Yum Pizza group comprises of 10 pizza shops scattering in different areas in Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Territory as shown on the map below. Staff in each shop are basically organized with order receptionist, baker and delivery worker. On top of these 10 pizza shops, the leadership and management works are responsible by a management team. The core business is to produce pizza of various styles and deliver to their customers according to address of the order by phone. Of course, there are also self-pick up pizza available to the customers. However, this is merely involved about 10% of the overall business. Pizza Group Shops Location P P P P P P P P P P P : Shop Location Starting from early 2003, there were occasional customer feedbacks and complaints which were mainly involved unpunctual delivery of pizza. Since 90% of the business required our pizza delivery, the management began to pay attention on these feedbacks. During the half year review in June 2003, it was discovered about 3% loss of customers and about 5% drop in pizza sales in the same period. We immediately communicated the finding with the Management. Subsequently, a project team was set up to investigate the causes and seek for improvement on the situation. After the first Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 3 of 23 project team meeting, it was agreed that the team would adopt Six Sigma strategy to determine the cause of the problem and implement the solution. Purpose of this report is to present the results of the pizza group’s problem-solving process and explain the solution adopted. As Six Sigma problem-solving includes statistical and measurement methods, by using the stools , we focused the efforts on understanding the variations in the business process and the defects that results: Customer satisfaction Revenue Quality Impact to employees Growth of business Competitive advantages. This report also presents a detailed explanation of steps on how we used the six sigma problem-solving strategy ( i. e define, measure analysis, improve and control ) to determine the cause of losing customer , decreasing of pizza sales and to establish method in rectifying the faulty steps in our operation process. Lastly, with implementation of the fine-tuned process, reoccurrence of the defects can be minimized in order to maintain and enhance a sound pizza business operation. Define Phase To the current practice, the time required for delivery of a pizza to customer was one hour on average. With concern on the customer complaints on unpunctual delivery, sales decreasing and number of customers was found reducing in the 6-months financial review in June 2003, undoubtedly, the pizza group had to take action to rectify the situation. At the beginning, we did not know what particular problem being existed in the business. A project team was therefore set up, by using six sigma strategy to tackle and rectify the problem. After the first project team meeting, a project team charter was formulated based on the management concern and displayed as below: Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 4 of 23 Project Team Charter – Delivery performance of pizza Business Case Opportunity Statement Current average delivery time is one hour for each We currently have an average delivery of pizza / pizzas to customer. Management delivery cycle of one hour. requires the pizza to be delivered within one hours as declared by same scales competitors in this trade of Our customers expect the business. pizza can be delivered Yum Yum Pizza group have been losing 3% of punctually within +/- 5 min. customers base per month within the past 6 months variation review, the sales have dropped in 5% (HKD135K per month) for the same period. By improving the accurate delivery time we anticipate loss of customer would be merely 1% drop and the sale would also be return to about 2% drop. With continuous implementation, the pizza sales would have 3% to 5% further increase monthly (i. e. $81K/month – $135K/month increase ) in the coming one or two years. Goal Statement -To deliver pizza from order to customer within one hour punctually – To achieve pizza delivery time within +/- 5 min. – Since this is the first six sigma project in Yum Yum Pizza Group, the current sigma process level is unknown which have to be identified and improved as the target of the project team. Activity Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Track Benefit Project Plan Start End 6/1 6/14 6/10 6/30 7/4 8/1 9/12 10/13 10/13 11/13 11/14 12/15 Project Scope Main objective – to review and improve order processing – Start – Order received from customers – End – Pizza in customer’s hand Team Selection Bob Black Belt Charles Group Manager Apple Order Receptionist Donald Baker Edward Deliveryman The project team charter submitted to management and was approved in mid May 2003. Right immediately, a brainstorming session conducted to review the business Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 5 of 23 rocess on a high level steps. SIPOC diagram was also established with identification on Supplier, Inputs, Process, Outputs Customers for showing the current situation of the business process and is now as below : Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 6 of 23 SIPOC Diagram – Pizza Delivery Company Supplier Inputs Process Outputs Customers Requirements †¢ Ingredients for Pizza †¢ Packaging material supplier †¢ †¢ Supplier for motorcycle †¢ Printing Company Process †¢ Ingredients †¢ Packaging materials †¢ Staff †¢ Motor cycles †¢ Order form See below †¢ †¢ Pizza Office customers Household customers Delicious †¢ Good taste †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Punctual delivery Step 1 Receive Order (by phone) Step 2 Production & Packaging Step 3 Motorcycle Delivery Step 4 Park & arrive delivery point Step 5 Hand in pizza to Customer & receive money Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 7 of 23 Besides, customer surveys was also conducted to collect the impression and feedback from customers. With these â€Å"Voice Of Customers† (VOC ), we firstly developed a list of key customer issues. On the further steps, we also formulated a list of critical customer requirement as listed on the table: Voice of Customer to Critical Customer Requirement ( VOC to CCR ) Critical Customer Requirement maintain pizza at temperature 40 degree C when passing to customer inform arrival time and price in advance Key Customer Issue pizza delivered to customer should be at reasonable temperature on time delivery packing arrangement concern on price Voice of Customer Cool pizza, tasted no good Late delivery Long deliver lead time Poor packaging outlook Poor packaging spoil pizza unexpected high price impolite delivery manner ragged deliver worker – – – keep arrival time variation less than 5 min. tandard pizza package standard greeting and manner delivery worker in uniform need polite manner when passing pizza to customer reasonable worker outlook – Measure Phase To investigate and realize further improvement for fulfilling the most important requirement from customers, it was anticipated operational definition would be essential to clearly point out the criteria to our operational performance. Based on the current operation process and the established operational definition, we conducted surveys and interviews with our customer and staff to collect data on how we performed currently. Below is the table showing our data measurement plan which was designed to collect the feedbacks and opinions. As indicated, the data were collected from various sources, that included the direct feedback from customer, and we anticipated the right moment to collect these data should be right after the telephone order from customers, which was the most simple and direct method to collect the first hand information.. Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 9 of 23 Data Measurement Plan Performance Measure Operational Definition Data Source and Location -measure the failure rate in maintaining pizza temperature not less than 40 degree -maintain pizza in standard cartoon Sample Size Who will collect the Data When will data be collected? How will data be selected? Other data that should be collected at the same time? -feedback from customer,-feedback from delivery worker, 15% of delivered pizza 1June to 30 June Randomly Pizza quality,, Bob, Black Belt -telephone ,survey / questionnaire ox with thermal indicator and ensure the temperature is not less than 40 degree C on the indicator -estimate delivery time and price of pizza, then inform customer on the arrival time right after telephone order -ride motorcycle for pizza delivery and arrive on time -packaging pizza with standard cartoon box -greeting to customer with wording -delivery worker must be wearing clean and tidy uniform standard C when passing to customer -measure the failure rate in informing arrival time an d price in advance to customer -measure the failure rate in keeping arrival time variation less than 5 min. measure the failure rate in packaging pizza in standard package -measure the failure rate of delivery worker greeting to customer by saying standard greeting and manner -measure the failure rate of delivery worker wearing uniform selected Weather situation, Traffic situation Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 10 of 23 Pizza Ordering Sequence ( By Phone ) Customer Order Receptionist Baker Deliver Order by phone standard greeting, listen customer's order details produce and bake pizza as ordered confirm order details and customer address lan delivery route confirm delivery time, payment package pizza in delivery box collect packaged pizza, or other food items plan for production schedule put pizza and other items into delivery box of motorcycle drive to customer address get to the door of the address, ring the bell and say standard greeting check acceptance an d pay confirm delivery of pizza and other food items receive payment and customer signature on receipt, say standard goodbye and leave business case completed Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 11 of 23 According to the established operation definition and sequence above, survey forms and questionnaires were formulated. It was also decided to perform the 500 surveys to customers randomly starting from 1 June. 2003, that involved about 15% of the pizza business during the moment. In addition to the questions devised from operation definitions, some general questions liked â€Å"Do you think choice of the pizzas is sufficient to you â€Å" and â€Å"Can you find your favorite taste among the existing available choice of pizzas â€Å" were also included in the questionnaires and survey questions to customers. Below is the table summarizing the survey results: Summary of operation defects as identified in June 2003 survey Satisfactory Defect item Operation description level Frequency not acceptable 1 maintain pizza not less than 40 degree C not acceptable 2 advise pizza arrival time not acceptable 3 variation of pizza arrival time within 5 min. cceptable 4 acceptable pizza package acceptable 5 delivery worker wearing uniform 6 acceptable greeting words fromdelivery worker acceptable 7 Do you think choice of the pizzas is sufficient to yougood Can you find your favor us taste among the existing 8 available choice of pizzas very good good 9 waiting time during telephone order for pizza 10 clear telephone communication with order receptionivery good 11 overall impression during making telephone order good %in Overall Defect 21 21. 88 18 18. 75 45 46. 88 6 6. 25 3 3. 13 3 3. 13 N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. N. A. ( Satisfactory Level : very good; good; acceptable; not acceptable; poor ) Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 12 of 23 Before tackling the results, we also formulated the data in Pareto Chart and calculated the process sigma for more understanding on the business situation of the pizza group. Operation Defect Rates in Pareto Chart O cc u ran n a ce F req u e n cy 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 P a re to C h a rt – O p e ra tio n D e fe c t a s id e n tifie d in J u n e 2 0 0 3 % in O v e ra ll D e fe c t 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% s a y i n g st a n d a r d g r e e ti n g k e e p a rri v al ti m e v a riati o n i n f o r m a rri v a l ti m e a n d sta n d ard p a c k a g e aintain te m p erature p a c kin g piz z a in w it h p o lit e m a n n e r p ric e in a d v a n c e w e arin g u nif o r m at 4 0 d e g re e C Calculated Sigma Value of the overall process ( as in June 2003 ) less th a n 5 m in. O p e r a tio nD e fe c ts 1 2 3 4 5 6 O v e ra ll Y e ild = 21 18 45 6 3 3 = U n its 500 500 500 500 500 500 DPU 0 . 0 4 2 0 . 0 3 6 0 . 0 9 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 T h r o u g h tp u C u m . Y ie ld t Y ie ld 0 . 9 5 9 0 . 9 5 9 0 . 9 6 5 0 . 9 2 5 0 . 9 1 4 0 . 8 4 5 0 . 9 8 8 0 . 8 3 5 0 . 9 9 4 0 . 8 3 0 0 . 9 9 4 0 . 8 2 5 ( Y (1 ) x Y (2 ) x Y (3 ) x Y (4 ) x Y (5 ) x Y (6 ) 0 . 8 2 5 a ro u n d 0 . 0 6 sig m a ) Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 13 of 23 Analysis Phase In analysis phase, we had studied why all the pizza delivery to customer could not be achieved steadily within one hour. The failure rates is the highest of 46. 88% among all defects identified and it happened 45 times during the survey period with sample size of 500 survey. With further investigation on the finding, we found the traffic condition, weather condition, and the familiarity of the delivery worker to the customer address would highly affected the overall delivery time and therefore giving an â€Å" Not Punctual Impression† to customer. In addition, such delay would also caused the pizza temperature dropped below the designed 40 degree C. As the result, the number of customer decreased and pizza sales dropped. Below was the Cause-and-Effect diagram utilized for analyzing causes leading to delayed delivery. Cause-and-effect Diagram – Pizza Delivery People poor communication Machines Telephone Traffic Condition Traffic Jam Pizza Oven deliver not familar with customer's address Road excavation Motorcycle Operation process Not Punctual Pizza Delivery Typhoon kill of baking by Pizza Oven Driving Skill on Motorcycle Raining delivery box on motorcycle Cartoon box for packing pizza Methods Weather Materials For the pizza temperature, we investigated the delivery box on motorcycles and cartoon boxes currently used in packaging pizzas for delivery. No major problem was found in keeping pizza exist oven temperature. Actually, the material for keeping warm, that included delivery boxes on motorcycles and cartoon boxes, all these equipment and facilities were at an acceptable quality standard and in a sound condition. Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 14 of 23 Cause-and-effect Diagram – Pizza Temperature People poor communication Machines Telephone Pizza Oven deliver not familar with customer's address Motorcycle kill of baking by Pizza Oven driving skill of Motorcycle delivery box on motorcycle Cartoon box for packing pizza Pizza Temperature below 40 degree C Methods Materials Analysis on other issues were also conducted, which mainly carried out with reference on the operation process, starting from customer order to the payment received from customer. Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 15 of 23 In addition to the analysis on the collected data, FMEA was also a tool to study on recommended improvement action. The project team had also formulated a FMEA table below for showing the analyzed risk priority and recommended action. Ite m a n d F u n c tio n p la n d e liv e ry ro u te P o te n ia l F a ilu re M ode p la n b a s e d w ro n g o r o n w ro n g d e la y in fo r m a tio n d e liv e ry P o te n ia l E ffe c t(s ) of F a ilu re F M E A P ro c e ss P o te n tia l C a u se(s) o f F a ilu re A c tio n re s u lts C u rre n t C o n tro ls R e c o m m e n d e d R e s p o n s ib ility A c tio a n d T a rg e t A c tio n n c o m p le tio n D a te Severity e Occurrenc Detection RPN Severity e Detection Occurrenc RPN T aken o lle c t a n d p u t p iz z a in d e liv e ry box of m o to rc y c le d riv e to th e c u s to m e r ad d ress g e t to th e ad d ress an d rin g d o o r b e ll p iz z a d ro p p e d d u rin g c o lle c tio n need re p la c e m e n t, lo s e o f p iz z a 7 w ro n g in fo rm a tio n fro m o rd e r re c e p tio n is t o r w ro n g p la n n in g o f 9 c a re le s s o f d e liv e r 2 p la n b a s e d 5 on m ap and e x p e rie n c e 3 1 ta k e c a re in p u ttin g th e p iz z a 7 0 a s th e re a re to ta lly 1 0 s h o p s , s u g g e s t to s e rv e th e c u s to m e rs based on s p e c ific a re a o f 2 7 ta k e c a re in d e liv e ry o n tin u . b y o rd e r re c e ip tio n is ts , N ov. 03 e ffe c tiv e b y d e liv e ry w o rk e rs, N o v . 0 3 e ffe c tiv e b y d e liv e ry w o rk e rs, N o v . 0 3 e ffe c tiv e b y d e liv e ry w o rk e rs, N o v . 0 3 e ffe c tiv e b y d e liv e ry w o rk e rs, N o v . 0 3 e ffe c tiv e c o n tin u . 4 2 3 24 9 1 3 27 f a ilu re o f d e la y in m o to rc y c le , d e liv e ry tra ffic ja m d e la y d e liv e ry d e liv e r n o t f a m ilia r w ith th e p la c e o f a d d re ss c o n f irm d ro p th e d e liv e ry p iz z a w h ile a n d re c e iv e p a s s in g to paym ent c u s to m e r u n p re d ic te d tra ffic o r w e a th e r s itu a tio n 6 n o t fa m ilia r w ith th e a r e a o f c u s to m e r ad d ress 8 c a re le s s o f b o th c u s to m e r a n d d e liv e r 4 n o s p e c ific c o n tro l 6 1 6 8 lis te n to ro a d re p o rt fro m ra d io 1 0 8 a rra n g e e x p e rie n c e d e liv e r fo r s e rv in g th e a re a 3 2 b e c a re fu ll in h a n d lin g p iz z a c o n tin u . 4 3 4 48 3 n e e d m o re 6 c o n tin u . 2 2 4 16 need re p la c e m e n t, lo s e o f p iz z a tim e to p re p a re d e liv e ry p la n 1 b e c a re fu ll in h a n d lin g p iz z a c o n tin u . 8 1 4 32 T o ta l R is k P rio rity N u m b e r R e s u ltin g R is k P rio rity N u m b e r Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 16 of 23 After analyzing the survey data and cause of operation defects, we had also analysed the relationship of the customer requirement against our group available technical and internal resources , that included analysis on communication tools, listening skill, baking skill, packaging devices, delivery equipment and even the manner of delivery workers etc. The purpose was to had a thorough understanding on the internal strength and weakness of Yum Yum Pizza Group. Below was the quality function deployment matrix utilized for the analysis. As indicated on the diagram, the highest score of 27 was found on â€Å" Keep arrival time variation less than 5 minutes â€Å". That meant it should be the first issue to be resolved for improving the pizza business Quality Function deployment Matrix VS : Very strong relationship w w Thermal sensing tape w w Good knowledge of road condition and driving skill S : Strong relationship W : Weak relationship VS Well equipped pizza bakery Communication tools Manner training Cartoon pizza box Good baking skill Technical requirement Good conditioned motorcycle Accurate watch Tidy uniform CCR Pizza at temperature 40 degree to customer Inform arrival time & price in advance Keep arrival time variation less than 5 minutes Standard pizza package Standard greeting and polite manner Proper dressed delivery worker Low pizza price Delicious Score 24 18 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 27 10 9 9 9 9 1 9 1 1 1 3 1 1 9 1 9 5 22 Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 18 of 23 Improve Phase Based on the analyzed information, the project team understood that the methodology, facilities and including the operation behavior of staff are at acceptable level. The most serious and uncontrollable factor is the traffic or road condition and weather situation, which was mostly serious item affecting the arrival time of pizza to customer. To minimize this factor, the Project Team recommended the entire services areas of the Pizza Group to be separated into 10 services zones. And each shop would response to serve the pizza customers’ within the defined zone. Should there was any order outside the their responsible zone, the order receptionist had to refer the orders to the responsible shop to produce and deliver the pizza by their own resources. However, whenever there was any order outside all the 10 service zone as shown on the map of responsible zone, the receptionist had to estimate the delivery time and immediately explain to the customer for the estimated time required. Even the delivery time would exceed the pre-designed one hour delivery period, with this clarification the customer would understand the situation without wrong expectation on the pizza delivery. As such, complaint on unpunctual pizza delivery should be kept to the minimal. Below were the modified operation process chart with the changes marked in brown and the map showing the responsible service zones of the 10 pizza shop for reference. Responsible Zones of Pizza Shops P Hou se Hou se P P Hou se P Hou se P Hou se P Hou se P Hou se P Hou se P Hou se P Hou se P Responsible Service Zone Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 19 of 23 Pizza Ordering Sequence, after process restructuring ( By Phone ) Customer Order Receptionist Order Receptionist of responsible area Baker Deliver Order by phone standard greeting, listen customer's order details confirm order details and customer address confirm delivery time, payment Plan for production schedule produce and bake pizza as ordered plan delivery route pack pizza in delivery box collect packed pizza, or other food items Review for production area put pizza and other items into delivery box of motorcycle continue pizza production locally drive to customer address get to the door of the address, ring the bell and say standard greeting check acceptance and pay confirm delivery of pizza and other food items receive payment and customer signature on receipt, say standard goodbye and leave business case completed Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 20 of 23 Control Phase For monitoring operation performance, control chart was utilized to collect operation data. The chart could distinguish the process variation resulting from common causes or special causes. It was aware that variation in the pizza operation was unavoidable. Number of factors including material, machines, methods, environment and operators were the major elements causing variation. For easily reflecting and controlling the overall performance of the pizza delivery, X-bar & R chart was selected for the monitoring and controlling purpose. Measures Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 No. ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. ) ( min. 1 56 57 58 55 55 60 54 58 54 59 2 59 49 53 52 59 57 52 57 58 56 3 58 57 54 52 49 55 52 54 55 53 4 50 52 49 54 53 68 63 51 56 59 5 52 53 52 52 49 56 52 53 47 52 6 52 54 53 54 59 64 63 53 56 53 7 58 57 48 57 59 57 64 59 51 53 8 56 54 57 59 52 52 55 54 52 59 9 57 51 63 51 51 59 51 59 51 53 10 53 50 50 57 63 53 54 56 54 59 11 49 56 52 53 64 62 48 54 48 54 12 59 49 59 53 56 57 52 58 52 57 13 59 57 62 59 64 52 70 52 53 52 14 52 52 55 54 52 59 54 53 54 53 15 51 59 51 49 51 53 57 57 57 58 16 55 53 54 55 54 60 47 55 54 57 17 57 54 49 56 52 53 47 52 59 57 18 52 49 59 49 49 53 56 53 52 52 19 53 52 59 57 49 59 51 54 53 59 20 54 53 52 52 55 54 52 57 55 53 21 57 57 51 59 51 70 51 52 60 56 22 64 52 64 53 54 69 54 53 53 52 23 65 53 62 54 49 56 52 53 62 53 24 63 54 52 49 59 69 59 53 56 49 25 59 53 50 54 53 54 53 55 57 55 Average Range == X == R __ UCL X __ LCL X 56 16 53. 48 10 54. 72 16 53. 96 10 54. 44 15 58. 44 18 54. 52 23 54. 6 8 54. 36 15 54. 92 10 = 54. 944 ( min. ) = = = 14. 1 ( min. ) 57. 1013 ( min. ) 52. 7867 ( min. ) __ UCLR __ LCLR = = 21. 7281 6. 4719 Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 21 of 23 Average 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 1 2 3 4 5 Day 6 7 Performance Requirement Min. __ UCLX __ X __ LCLX 8 9 10 Range 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Day 6 7 8 __ R UCL __ R Min. __ LCLR 9 10 Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 22 of 23 The above data was collected within 10 operation days from mid Oct. o mid Nov. It was obvious that the operation on a heavy rainy, day 6 was the worst. There were totally 4 deliveries required more than 65 minutes to complete, which exceeded the operation definition. This was still out of our control. With comparison with the performance before the project improvement, it was found that the defect rate was great ly improved as summarized below : Summary of Operation Defects Comparsion between June 2003 / Dec. 2003 June 2003 Dec. 2003 Frequenc % in Overall Frequenc % in Overall y Defect y Defect 21 21. 88 7 20. 59 18 18. 75 5 14. 71 45 46. 88 10 29. 41 6 6. 25 6 17. 65 3 3. 13 3 8. 82 3 3. 13 3 8. 82 item 1 2 3 4 5 6 Operation description maintain pizza not less than 40 degree C advise pizza arrival time variation of pizza arrival time within 5 min. acceptable pizza package delivery worker wearing uniform acceptable greeting words from delivery worker Conclusion Even though it was not 100% rectified all the operation defects, with the great improvement on the pizza delivery, the defect rate on pizza temperature was also improved. The sigma value on the overall pizza delivery of the group was greatly improved to 1. 5 sigma and the pizza sales as reviewed in end Dec. 2003, 5% increased was identified in comparing with the sales figure six months before. Sigma level after implement of new operation process: OperationDefects Units DPU Throughtpu Cum. Yield t Yield 1 7 500 0. 014 0. 986 0. 986 2 5 500 0. 01 0. 990 0. 976 3 10 500 0. 02 0. 980 0. 957 4 6 500 0. 012 0. 988 0. 946 5 3 500 0. 006 0. 994 0. 940 6 3 500 0. 006 0. 994 0. 934 Overall Yeild = = Y(1) x Y(2) x Y(3) x Y(4) x Y(5) x Y(6) 0. 934 ( around 1. 502 sigma ) It was concluded, implementation of the improved operation process was essential to the business. With the continuation implementation of the improved process and current good taste of pizza with variety choice to customer, the pizza sales was expected gradually increased with number of customer increased as well. Report of SiX Sigma Project, Yum Yum Pizza Group Page 23 of 23

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The Role Of Sports Coach A Good Leader - 1280 Words

An important role of a sports coach is to be a motivator. A motivator is someone who encourages and creates an incentive for someone, such as a performer, to do well. A motivator may prompt a performer by emphasising their progress in a positive way such as praising them on a good performance therefore inspiring them to want to do well again. An example of a motivator would be Kelly Holmes. Not only has she achieved gold in both the 1400m and the 800m in the 2004 Athens Olympics but she has set up the ‘Dame Kelly Holmes Trust’ which engages with more than 3,000 vulnerable young people aged between 16 and 25 and provide them with a stepping stone into community sport. Leader: Another important role is to be a good leader. A leader is†¦show more content†¦In the picture to the right it shows ex-white sox bullpen coach and pitching coach, Juan Nieves for the red sox, fist bump in a friendly manor. Responsibilities Management and planning: A coach has a lot of aspect to manage and plan, from equipment and the facility to transport and competitions. Many sport accidents occur as a result of activities taking place in unsafe or inappropriate facilities. Learning to recognize potentially dangerous situations is therefore an important responsibility for any coach. Prior to the start of the season the coach should ensure that the facility meets minimum safety standards and also plan that the facility should be inspected regularly and maintained in safe condition. A coach should also undertake an accurate equipment inventory at the start of the season to establish the status of equipment and ensure that the correct amount of protective equipment is available and that the equipment fits their participants. A coach should be also able to find appropriate competitions for participants and arrange transport to and from sports events. Without organising to go to competitions participants wouldn’t be put to their sporting limit and tested to see where they need to improve to succeed. Also without planning to compete in competitions the performers may become bored as they don’t have aShow MoreRelatedNegative Leadership and Youth Sports Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesThere are leaders in every situation and facet of life, leaders are everywhere around us, both in the business world and out in the community. Leaders can be Supervisors, Managers, Pastors, Teachers, or any person in any situation where they are trying to get a group of people to accomplish a specific goal. As stated by Don Clark â€Å"Good leaders are made not born† (Clark 2010), leaders are developed by experience, training, education, and by watching and learning from other leaders. Our children areRead MoreWhat Are Sports Coaching?1211 Words   |  5 Pagesdisplay my research on the specific question that is; â€Å"what is sports coaching?† I will critically analyse the views, thoughts and mainly definitions of various sporting bodies, clubs and current published journals. For every article being analysed, I will separate my research into the validity and reliability of the journal and to conclude, all evaluated evidence will be related to the topic question. The first view towards defining sports coaching is that of Andras S. Szabo. The article has two mainRead MoreA Leader Within A Sport Organization1307 Words   |  6 PagesConsider the discussion of various sources of power as related to leadership. Provide a discussion of how a leader within a sport organization (be sure to identify this leader) uses those sources of power when exercising leadership behavior. 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Additionally, there are over 21 million kids between the ages of 6 and 17 that play sports (Kelley). This enormous number not only represents children playing a sport but it also represents something that each of those kids have in common: they each have a coach. There are three key things involved in every sport: the players, the competition, and the coaches. Each of these parts of the sport are important and necessary. Sports are not only aRead MoreEffective Leaders Produce Successful Results1185 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is found in a variety of aspects of lif e, work, and sports. Few will argue that effective leaders produce successful results. Many more will agree that successful leadership is not always determined by the financial bottom line in business or by win percentage in sports. Leadership in both business and in coaching requires and often exudes a common set of skills, goals, desires, and strategies that are common in both arenas. Leaders in all walks of life, to include commercial real estateRead MoreLeadership Style871 Words   |  4 PagesStyle of Urban Meyer Urban Meyer-Head Coach Ohio State Football Urban Meyer is the head coach for The Ohio State Buckeyes football team. He is 49 years old and was born in Toledo Ohio. He attended University of Cincinnati where he played football. Coach Meyer is married and has three children. Prior to coaching Ohio State he retired from coaching was working as a sports analyst for ESPN. Before retiring and working for ESPN, Coach Meyer was the head coach for the University of Florida. He led

A Comparison of Two Murderers - 1099 Words

In the Edgar Allan Poe stories The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart the most prominent and important themes that are used are death, logic, and irony. The characters of the narrator and Montresor in these stories are both coldblooded murders that kill for selfish, and inane reasons who firmly believe that their actions are justified even though their rationalizations only make sense in their own minds. They both try to convince their audience that they are completely sane by giving their explanations about why they did what they did as well as their motives for killing their victims. In admitting how they murdered victims, who appear to be innocent to everyone besides them, they only succeed in proving their insanity. The†¦show more content†¦He knows that logically the only way lure Fortunado into the catacombs successfully is to make him feel safe and then betray him at the last moment. When he lures Fortunado into the catacombs he gives him many opportunities t o get out of it but he does not suspect Montresor of anything so he continues to trust him. There is also a considerable amount of irony in both of the stories. The best example is when they try to convince the audience that they are completely sane and that their actions are justified. The narrator tirelessly attempts to convince whoever he is telling his story to that he is perfectly sane while recounting how he viciously murdered an old man he claimed to love, chopped up his body, and hid him in the floorboards all because he didnt like his vulture eye. While he believes that he is going to persuade his audience that he was in his right mind, all he is doing his backing up the assumption that he is mentally ill and is in no way sane. Montresor does not try as hard to make his listeners believe in his sanity. His victim, Fortunado, as a character is also a good example of irony. His name, which translates to lucky, proves to be extremely ironic when he is the one that ends up bein g killed. He is given many hints by Montresor as to what will happen to him as well as many opportunities to turn back but his ego and competitiveness with his rival Luchresi ends up sealing his fate. He says inShow MoreRelatedExploration of How Males are Presented in Victorian Short Stories733 Words   |  3 PagesCaptain Murderer, Sikes and Nancy and the Great Expectations. In these stories there are three comparable characters that I am going to compare and contrast. These characters are Captain Murderer (from Captain Murderer), Sikes (from Sikes and Nancy) and finally Magwitch (from Great Expectations). Additionally, I will also refer, where possible, to the historical and Victorian context within which they are written. 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Shakespeare uses a â€Å"common theme in all plays that all relates back to reality †(The Killing of King Duncan). Shakespeare also uses the â€Å"literary device of repetition to create a theme† (The Killing of King Duncan). In MacbethRead MoreEssay about Truman Capotes In Cold Blood: Comparison of Book and Movie668 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Cold Blood is a tragic story of two men, Eugene Hickock and Perry Edward, who murder an entire family in search of money and then find themselves running from the law. While writing the book, Truman Capote used only facts to create a novel out of an actual event. He had thousands of notes on the subject, but his problem was making his book read like a novel. He accomplished this by adding dialogue and describing characters feelings. 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Black Hole and White Hole free essay sample

Under the theory of quantum mechanics black holes possess a temperature and emit Hawking radiation through slow dissipation by anti-protons. Most black holes are made when a giant star, called a supergiant, at least twenty times bigger than our own Sun dies, and leaves behind a mass that is at least one solar mass. Stars die when they run out of hydrogen or other nuclear fuel to burn and  start  to collaps. A supergiant stars death is called a supernova. Stars are usually in equilibrium, which means they are making enough energy to push their mass outward against the force of gravity. When the star runs out of fuel to make energy, gravity takes over. Gravity pulls the center of the star inward very quickly. A white hole, in general relativity, is a hypothetical region of space time which cannot be entered from the outside, but from which matter and light may escape. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Hole and White Hole or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this sense it is the reverse of a black hole, which can be entered from the outside, but from which nothing, including light, may escape. However, it is theoretically possible for a traveler to enter a rotating black hole, avoid the singularity, and travel into a rotating white hole which allows the traveler to escape into another universe. White holes appear in the theory of eternal black holes. â€Å"In addition to a black hole region in the future, such a solution of the Einstein equations has a white hole region in its past. † However, this region does not exist for black holes that have formed through gravitational collapse, nor are there any known physical processes through which a white hole could be formed. Like black holes, white holes have properties like mass, charge, and angular momentum. † They attract matter like any other mass, but objects falling towards a white hole would never actually reach the white holes event horizon. The white hole event horizon in the past becomes a black hole event horizon in the future, so any object falling towards it will eventually reach the black hole horizon. They are, predicted as a possible other end of a black hole that has a worm hole through space, ut black holes are most likely just a point in space without an other side. A white hole is the theorized time reversal of a black hole. The event horizon of a black hole attracts matter, so event horizon of a white hole ejects matter even though the white hole itself still attracts matter. The main difference between the two is the action of the event horizon. As you can see, this is what a black hole and a white holes are

Model the Me in Leadership Healthcare System

Question: Discuss about the Model the Me in Leadership? Answer: Critical Commentary To me Leadership for healthcare system was an opportunity to accumulate great experience. The practical work, design, and the overall content helped me to understand the concept in a better way. Throughout the work, I learnt about the practical application of the module. This model helped me to enhance the boundary of my knowledge in such a way that I can use this knowledge further in my life in order to build my career as an efficient health care provider. This module was above my expectation. This experience helped me to uncover dynamics and insights, which were beyond my expectation. The experience I gather from this assignment increased my curiosity about the health care profession. The height of learning I received from this work generates motivation for me to gather more knowledge, work more on this topic and become a better person in this profession. From the beginning of the task, I was too much dedicated to learning more about this subject. The level of learning which I rece ived from this module infused enthusiasm within me to learn more, do more and become more. Right from the beginning, I was enthusiastic to put in my best efforts in this module, and consequently, I worked very hard for it. I gave my best effort in this module and worked hard to meet the expectations of my professors. I not only focused on the learning concepts of this assignment but also made sure that I should participate rigorously and dedicatedly in different class activities as well as group projects, which were conducted in the Institute. I emphasized on active participation as I learned that these activities are helpful to develop my leadership skills in the health care system. As per my consent, the course was designed to meet the students need as well as enhancing their utility. I have pondered upon my learning and how this section has contributed towards improvement of leadership qualities by reflecting upon a variety of theories. I have also mentioned regarding the aspects of my personality which I must improve, so that I can create my reputation in the job market. Furthermore, I have also specified what did not go well for me in this module and what I propose to follow in the future. First of all, I discovered that this assignment proved as the finest channel in order to improve my knowledge and develop my characteristics to become eligible in the job market. This module helped me to realize the importance of health care sector in my life and the utmost significance to provide the best service. I found that the health care profession is very dynamic, and health care professionals are designated with extreme imperative accountability to the society as well as to the patients (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter 2012). The module helped me to develop awareness within me and promoted me to be a health care professional. In this scenario, I have to admit that the class activities proved as beneficial to gather pre-experience as a health care professional did. In addition, I also need to admit that the widespread health care system in the United Kingdom astonished me. After going through the course, I believe that the knowledge of leadership I have managed to accumulate from th is opportunity helped me to develop the base of my career, which I want to accomplish in my homeland. According to Trait Theory, certain characteristics which are essential to a person are termed as Central Traits; though, secondary traits are those which are more nonessential in nature. This theory states that traits are comparatively constant over time and can be a source to influence behaviour among individuals. When the professional training is coupled with clinical experience, it helped to establish systematic approaches that engaged to evaluate different situations that could be faced in the healthcare (Berwick and Hackbarth 2012). According to Porter (2010), the central traits could be defined as different characteristic, which is observed as "basic" to an individual. On the other hand, the secondary traits emphasize those characteristics, which are very rare or peripheral. According to this theory, the traits are constant with the time and are found to play a key role to inf luence people. During this assignment, I evaluated myself in order to find out my potentiality as a leader and the qualities or characteristics of a leader. I assessed myself using the "16 personality test" (Edmonstone 2011).The module helped me to discover the leader within me by considering the theories of leadership, these theories focus on the study of specific behaviors of a leader. The behavior of a leader is the best predictor of his influences regarding the leadership and hence as a result is the best determinant of his success as a leader and encouraged me to exercise my leadership style, which is helpful to build my career in a better manner. However, sometimes I felt difficulties in understanding certain theories in leadership. All these experiences did not only harness my strategic capabilities, but also inculcated moral obligations within me. Now, I am fully conscious of my moral and ethical values as a healthcare professional. Communication was an additional platform which was provided by the module, and was assisted through group activities. Group activities are also known to facilitate peer learning and assessment (Boud, Cohen Sampson, 1999, pp.413-426). It gave an opportunity to discuss various academic issues and helped in formation of a relaxed environment, which made learning easier and interesting to grasp. Group-based activities facilitated inter-personal interactions which I believe harnessed my critical thinking abilities. When we were asked to discuss various case studies or to present in a group, many a times I found myself leading the group. This increased my self-confidence as a leader. Also, due to this I was able to discover different management styles practised by others, conflict management, decision-making and teamwork. Lichtenstein (2005, pp.341-356) proposes that groups are like teach communities that can positively affect academic and social outcomes as well as student achievements. The modes of learning organized in the module also fascinated me. I was astonished by the impact they had on me. For example, many a time we were required to engage in practical work where we had to deal with diverse people in changeable situations. The supreme significance connected with practical experience remains unquestionably a foundation venue of learning and must be encouraged (Shi Singh, 2010). Although the course structure was informative, the classroom activities helped me to increase my practical knowledge in this professional field. They provide me a venue in order to explore myself and the leadership skill, which was buried within me. I always tried to observe my friends performance so that I can evaluate my eligibility as well as educate myself. I looked forward to listening to the opinions from my friends and their debates on certain topic, which was helpful to open the new window of ideas so that it can be beneficial for me in future. . Such classroom activities were actually promoting the communicative approach among us and facilitate "joint management" of learning. The classroom activities are also allowed to achieve a fuller comprehension of practical and theoretical aspects of this study (Porter 2010). These activities prepared a base, which helped me to evaluate myself and learn about myself. I found, the Johari window illuminated many things that were beyond m y knowledge previously. I discovered that this self-awareness tool is not only helpful to know myself in a better way but also controlled the motion of my energies towards a positive direction. It has helped me to gain confidence and implement all the procedures to enhance my leadership skill. In this context, I have to accept that the Johari window truly helped me evaluate as well as explain different dimensions of my personality. It has played a vital role in enhancing my overall personality (Currie and Lockett 2011). Another aspect that was illuminated in this module was the emotional experiences, which I was never fully aware of. This module helped me to deal and manage the clinical concept of transference. Transference can be defined as the incidents that take place every day in social interaction. In this process, the generic rules of processing social information are followed. This module taught me how to identify the signs that can trigger as well as direct the transference in order to promote adaptive responding from my patients. This module was helpful to identify the redirection of feelings and emotions towards patients can that result in adverse effects (Slavkin 2010). This was something new to me, and I tried my best to learn self-control to advance my career as a health care professional and discover ways to help the individuals. . I think this module gave us enough insight, information and opportunity which facilitated me to engage in reflective learning. Likewise, another method empl oyed by our tutors whom I admired the most was demonstrating a variety of real life examples and sharing the details with us. I was drawn towards these examples as I felt an association because I knew that these examples represent situations which I would be dealing with, therefore, examples were always every engaging and impelled involvement and concentration. Interaction was the platform that was offered by the module and it was facilitated through group activities. Group activities are found to facilitate assessment as well as peer learning. It provided an opportunity to discuss different academic issues. It is also helped in the formation of relaxed environment that make the learning more interesting and easier to grasp. It is observed that group-based activities enhanced inter-personal interactions that tied together my abilities to think critically (Souza and Pidd 2011). I enjoyed group activities the most, as it gave me chance to learn through my peers and showcase my skills too. Moreover, the role played by my tutors is also noteworthy, without their dedication and constant support; this module would have been incomplete. In most of the cases, when I gave a group presentation or discussed different case studies, I found myself in the position of a leader, who is leading the group. This step helped me to enhance my self-confidence to increase my confidence level as a leader. Besides, I explored different management styles that are practiced by others such as decision-making, conflict management, and teamwork. Many researchers showed groups could be considered as "learning communities" that can have a direct impact on the student's achievement as well as social and academic outcomes (Best et al. 2012). The researchers also proposed that group based activities can enhance internationally achieved and shared cognition (Kakuma et al. 2011). The learning modes showed in the module also captivated me. The experience I gathered from this module was amazing. For instance, our teachers always encouraged us in our practical courses where we were subjected to deal with various people in different situations. The dominant importance, which I found, is associated with practical experience remains a core venue of learning. This learning action was not only extremely insightful but also helped me to develop faster thinking and making right decisions in demanding situations. The module helped me to train myself to be a leader. I think this module helped me to ascertain the leader within me and also gave me plenty of opportunities to implement my leadership. Primarily, there were certain theories which were difficult to comprehend, but I managed to cope up with the pace. This module exercise was helpful in offering me an opportunity to reflect on my knowledge, which I gathered throughout the course. According to the researchers, ref lect is a tool that not only helped the tutors to learn about the depth of the knowledge but also helped them to identify the methodological issues. According to my perception, this module provided me enough opportunity, knowledge and insight that facilitated me to connect with a reflective learning. On the other hand, there was another method, which was implemented by other teachers and what I admired the most is the demonstration of various real life examples. Moreover, tutors shared details about the subject with us, which was very helpful to get an overview of the study. When I looked behind, I found myself satisfied, in fact, overwhelmed with the module structure and the help from the organization. In this module, the significance of the leadership was highlighted. On the other hand, I became eligible to assess myself in a different context. This module helped me to point out not only my strengths but also my weaknesses. This module offered me the opportunity to get significant feedback from my tutors as well as fellow mates, which helped to develop my judgment. Apart from the educational course formation, I consider that classroom activities played a noteworthy role in contributing towards my acquaintance base. They provided a place to explore ones self and also to analyze others in similar situations. I was always enthusiastic to observe how my fellow mates act in response and partake because then I was able to assess and instruct myself. I intend to extend my knowledge and mental horizons and would continue pursuance of medical experiences, so th at whatever I have learnt in this module does not go worthless. I looked forward to learn from my colleagues during class activities because at times, hearing to diverse viewpoint led to opening of novel mental windows. I am pleased to learn the practical application as well as the theoretical frameworks in health care systems. Different issues like leadership style, decision-making and management have significant importance in the setting of modern health care system. These factors are considered as the major factors to maintain the quality care and drive the health care facilities. Most of all I enjoyed the group activities as through group activities which in turn helped me to demonstrate my skills in front of others. This module made me recognize that inappropriate redirection of emotions or feelings towards patients can have adverse effects. This was a new learning for me and I aim to practise self-control in my medical career. In this context, I have to admit that the effort put by my teachers to develop my skills was also note worthy. With out a constant support and complete dedication from my teachers, the module would not touch its mark. The relationship with my tutor was valuable and significant as they were always accessible and always motivated me towards my career. Therefore, I intend to increase the boundary of my knowledge and continue to pursue my success in the chosen career so that I do not let my teachers down or their expectations from me. There are different aspects that I think I could deal with more effectively. At the beginning of this paper, I mentioned that I had many issues regarding the application of different theoretical frameworks. After that, I realize that I need to focus more on the details of the work and the assessment of myself to keep pace with the highly competitive atmosphere. Now I realize that I should maintain it from the beginning my course work. However, now I have realized that I have several weaknesses. To overcome my weaknesses I took help from my mentors and mates. I also read many books to expand my knowledge boundary and update myself about the theories, which were very confusing at the beginning. On the other hand, I also learned to control my demonstration of views and judgments. I came to know that being logically correct is also considered as one of the best qualities of a leader that I need to develop inside me. I understand that having a realistic view can also make me reliable as a future leader. I intend to widen my knowledge and mental horizons and would continue pursuance of medical experiences, so that whatever I have learnt in this module does not go in vain. Overall, I have to admit that I am pleased to state that the experience and learning I have gained from this module and entire course work are momentous nature for me essentially that in turn helped me to advance my career. The knowledge I gathered from this module encouraged me more to gather utmost knowledge in this subject and apply my knowledge in the field work of health care system. The learning outcome of this module not only boosts my knowledge and enhances my professional career but also helped me to increase the overall quality of the healthcare organizations. Overall, I am pleased that I can articulate that the knowledge and experience that I have attained from this module are of significant nature for me essentially as well as for my profession. The information attained from this module has exposed new heights for me to accomplish now. Not only will this learning reinforce my professional career but I believe it is a big opportunity to augment the overall value of health care system. This module has prepared me with the understanding of such management related issues and academic frameworks which I had not known formerly. So apart from increasing my knowledge base, this module has also enhanced my creative thinking skills, management approaches, problem solving and strategic qualities and expertise as a health care professional. Reference: Berwick, D.M. and Hackbarth, A.D., 2012. Eliminating waste in US health care.Jama,307(14), pp.1513-1516. Best, A., Greenhalgh, T., Lewis, S., Saul, J.E., Carroll, S. and Bitz, J., 2012. Largeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ system transformation in health care: a realist review.Milbank Quarterly,90(3), pp.421-456. Currie, G. and Lockett, A., 2011. Distributing leadership in health and social care: concertive, conjoint or collective?.International Journal of Management Reviews,13(3), pp.286-300. de Souza, L.B. and Pidd, M., 2011. Exploring the barriers to lean health care implementation.Public Money Management,31(1), pp.59-66. Edmonstone, J., 2011. Developing leaders and leadership in health care: a case for rebalancing?.Leadership in Health Services,24(1), pp.8-18. Kakuma, R., Minas, H., van Ginneken, N., Dal Poz, M.R., Desiraju, K., Morris, J.E., Saxena, S. and Scheffler, R.M., 2011. Human resources for mental health care: current situation and strategies for action.The Lancet,378(9803), pp.1654-1663. Porter, M.E., 2010. What is value in health care?.New England Journal of Medicine,363(26), pp.2477-2481. Porter-O'Grady, T. and Malloch, K., 2011.Quantum leadership: Advancing innovation, transforming health care. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Slavkin, H.C., 2010. Leadership for health care in the 21st century: a personal perspective.J Healthcare Leadership,2, pp.35-41. Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. and Ginter, P.M., 2012.Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons.